Ronnie Peterson

Ronnie Peterson
Born	(1944-Template:MONTHNUMBER-14)14 1944 Örebro, Sweden
Died	Template:Death date and age Milan, Italy
Formula One career
Nationality	Swedish
Years	1970 – 1978

Bengt Ronnie Peterson (14 February 1944 – 11 September 1978) was a Swedish racing driver. Known by the nickname 'SuperSwede', he was a two-time runner-up in the FIA Formula One World Drivers' Championship.

Peterson began his motor racing career in kart racing, traditionally the discipline where the majority of race drivers begin their careers in open-wheel racing. After winning a number of karting titles, including two Swedish titles in 1963 and 1964, he moved on to Formula Three, where he won the Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three support race for the 1969 Grand Prix. Later that year he won the European Formula Three Championship and moved up into Formula One, racing for the March factory team. In his three-year spell with the team, he took six podiums, most of which were scored during the 1971 Formula One season in which he also finished as runner-up in the Drivers' Championship.

After seeing out his three-year contract at March, Peterson joined Colin Chapman's Team Lotus in 1973, partnering defending champion Emerson Fittipaldi. During his first two seasons with Lotus, Peterson took seven victories, scoring a career-best 52 points in 1973. After a poor 1975 season, Peterson moved back to March and scored his final victory for the team at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix. After spending 1977 with Tyrrell, he moved back to Lotus for the 1978 season as "number two" driver to Mario Andretti. Peterson scored two wins, at the South African and Austrian Grand Prix races, and would finish second in the Drivers' Championship standings despite a fatal first-lap accident at Monza during the Italian Grand Prix.

Early life

Peterson was born in Almby in the vicinity of Örebro, Sweden. He developed his driving style at a young age while competing in karting, and rapidly worked his way up to the pinnacle of European karting before switching to cars.

Formulas Three and Two

After his karting years, Peterson entered Formula Three racing in the Svebe, a 1L, Brabham-derived Formula car he co-designed with his father Bengt (who was a baker) and Sven Andersson.

Superb results from the outset quickly attracted the attention of the ambitious Tecno company from Italy, who signed him up in 1968. The pairing produced some fine results, and he won the 1969 Formula Three Championship.

Even after his elevation to F1 status Peterson still drove in lower echelon racing series (which was common at the time), winning the 1971 European Formula Two Championship driving for March.

Formula One

Early years

Peterson made his Grand Prix debut in a March 701 for Colin Crabbe's works-supported Antique Automobiles Racing Team at the 1970 Monaco Grand Prix. The limited budget of Crabbe's privateer team allowed only minimal testing, but Peterson qualified 12th out of 16 cars in the race. He was 10 places behind Jackie Stewart and Chris Amon, both on the front row of the grid in their newer specification 701s, but only just behind the more experienced Jo Siffert in the second works March. Peterson was the only March driver to finish the race, in seventh place. In 1971 Peterson moved up to the full March works team, and made an instant impression. Five Formula One Grand Prix second places earned him the position of runner-up to Jackie Stewart in that year's World Championship. Within that year, Peterson drove in the World Sports Car Championship driving an Autodelta Alfa Romeo to win the Watkins Glen 6 hours. Peterson stayed at March until 1973, when he signed for John Player Team Lotus to partner Emerson Fittipaldi.

1973–1976

Lotus 72/R8 - Ronnie Peterson's main car during the 1974 Formula One season.

Ronnie Peterson at Silverstone in 1975.

Peterson's first Grand Prix win was at the 1973 French Grand Prix, held at Paul Ricard, in a Lotus 72. There were three more wins that year, in Austria, Italy and the United States, but poor reliability restricted him to only third place in the World Championship at season's end.

1974 yielded three more victories: the French and Italian Grands Prix, as well as the Monaco Grand Prix, the premier event of Formula One.

1975 was a bad year for Lotus. The Lotus 76 proved a failure, and he reverted to driving the 72F.

Peterson had signed for Shadow but Lotus owner Colin Chapman convinced him to stay with Lotus due to a promise Chapman made to accelerate the rate of development on the Lotus 77. He drove the first two races of 1976 in the Lotus 77 before rejoining March Engineering. Driving the March 761, he won the Italian Grand Prix.

1977–1978

In 1977, he raced for Tyrrell, driving the six-wheel Tyrrell P34B. His only podium finish was a third place at the Belgian Grand Prix.

Peterson surprised many by leaving Tyrrell to return to John Player Team Lotus for 1978. He won the 1978 South African Grand Prix, with a last-lap victory over Patrick Depailler, as well as the Austrian Grand Prix, in the innovative 'ground effect' Lotus 79. His teammate Mario Andretti won the Drivers' Championship with Peterson acting effectively as the Team "No. 2" with the pair scoring four 1–2 wins, all with Mario at the lead. Both of Peterson's wins occurred when Andretti encountered trouble, with Mario winning once when Peterson failed to finish (not including the Italian Grand Prix). Many times Peterson followed Andretti closely home, leading to speculation that 'Team Orders' were in place.

Throughout the 1970s Peterson had the reputation of being the fastest driver in F1 in terms of raw speed. During the 1978 season Andretti would frequently post the faster qualifying time. Perhaps refusing to believe the American could beat Peterson in a head to head contest, many came to believe that team orders extended even to qualifying. Another view, held by some contemporary observers, was that while Peterson may have in fact been the outright quicker of the two, it was Andretti's considerable car development skills that brought the recalcitrant Lotus 78 and 79 to full potential, and Peterson's seeming deference to Andretti was a tacit acknowledgement of this. Despite this, Peterson was offered a seat at McLaren at 1979. To his credit, Peterson refused to contribute to any controversy, and on numerous occasions dismissed the speculation by stating that Andretti had simply turned the faster time.

Death

The 1978 Italian Grand Prix at Monza started badly for Peterson. In practice he damaged his Lotus 79 race car beyond immediate repair and bruised his legs in the process. Team Lotus had a spare 79, but it had been built for Andretti, and the taller Peterson did not fit comfortably inside. The team's only other car was a type 78, the previous year's car, which had been dragged around the F1 circuit that season with minimal maintenance.

At the start of the race, the race starter threw the green light before the field was ready. The cars from fourth row onwards (Peterson started from the third) were rolling when the green light came on and got a jump on those ahead, resulting in an accordion effect as the cars approached the chicane, bunching them tightly together. The front four, Andretti, Villeneuve, Jabouille and Lauda, were far enough ahead to avoid any drama, but Peterson had made a poor start from fifth and was immediately passed by Alan Jones, Jacques Laffite and John Watson.

Jody Scheckter and Riccardo Patrese, starting 10th and 12th, had moved to the right across the line that separated the Grand Prix front straight from the approach to the old Monza banking. While Scheckter's Wolf was able to rejoin the track well ahead of the bunching pack, Patrese moved back in just ahead of James Hunt, who feinted left and collided with Peterson, with Vittorio Brambilla, Carlos Reutemann, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Patrick Depailler, Didier Pironi, Derek Daly, Clay Regazzoni and Brett Lunger all involved in the ensuing melee.

Peterson's Lotus went into the barriers hard and caught fire before bouncing back into the middle of the track. He was trapped in the burning wreck, but Hunt, Regazzoni and Depailler managed to free him before he received more than minor burns, while track marshals were extinguishing the car. He was dragged free and laid in the middle of the track fully conscious, his severe leg injuries obvious to all. Hunt later said he stopped Peterson from looking at his legs to spare him further distress.

At the time there was more concern for Brambilla, who was hit on the head by a flying wheel and was slumped comatose in his car (he later recovered and drove on in F1 until 1980). Peterson's life was not seen to be in any danger. After being delayed by track marshals, Sid Watkins and his medical team headed over Peterson's car to extract him from the wreckage. The injured drivers along with Peterson were eventually taken to a hospital in Milan, and the race was restarted when the track had been cleaned up.

At the hospital, Peterson's X-rays showed he had seven fractures in one leg and three in the other. After discussion with him, Peterson was sent to intensive care so that the surgeons would be allowed to operate to stabilize the bones. During the night, bone marrow went into Peterson's bloodstream through the fractures, forming fat globules on his major organs including lungs, liver and brain. By early morning he was in full renal failure and was declared dead at 9:55am on September 11, 1978. The cause of death was given as fat embolisms.

Teammate Mario Andretti clinched the championship at the race. "It was so unfair to have a tragedy connected with probably what should have been the happiest day of my career", Andretti said, "I couldn't celebrate, but also, I knew that trophy would be with me forever. And I knew also that Ronnie would have been happy for me".

The statue of Ronnie Peterson in Almby, Örebro, was unveiled in August 2003.

Peterson ran a total of 123 Grand Prix races during his career, winning ten of them.

At his funeral, the pallbearers included Ken Tyrrell, Colin Chapman, James Hunt, Jody Scheckter, John Watson, Emerson Fittipaldi and Niki Lauda.

Legacy

Peterson's widow Barbro (née Edwardsson) never got over his death and committed suicide on 19 December 1987. She was buried alongside Ronnie in the Peterson family grave in Örebro. She and Ronnie had a daughter named Nina Louise (named after Jochen Rindt's wife) who was born in November 1975.

There is a statue of Peterson in Örebro, by Richard Brixel. The official Ronnie Peterson museum was officially opened by Nina Peterson in Örebro on 31 May 2008. It closed in October 2009 because it was unable to secure government funding.

Complete World Championship results

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	WDC	Pts.
1970	Antique Automobiles Racing Team	March 701	Cosworth V8	RSA	ESP	MON 7	BEL NC														NC	0
	Colin Crabbe Racing							NED 9	FRA Ret	GBR 9	GER Ret	AUT	ITA Ret	CAN NC	USA 11	MEX
1971	STP March Racing Team	March 711	Cosworth V8	RSA 10	ESP Ret	MON 2	NED 4		GBR 2	GER 5	AUT 8	ITA 2	CAN 2	USA 3							2nd	33
			Alfa Romeo V8					FRA Ret
1972	STP March Racing Team	March 721	Cosworth V8	ARG 6	RSA 5																9th	12
		March 721X				ESP Ret	MON 11	BEL 9
		March 721G							FRA 5	GBR 7	GER 3	AUT 12	ITA 9	CAN DSQ	USA 4
1973	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72D	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA Ret	RSA 11															3rd	52
		Lotus 72E					ESP Ret	BEL Ret	MON 3	SWE 2	FRA 1	GBR 2	NED 11	GER Ret	AUT 1	ITA 1	CAN Ret	USA 1
1974	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72E	Cosworth V8	ARG 13	BRA 6				MON 1	SWE Ret	NED 8	FRA 1	GBR 10		AUT Ret	ITA 1	CAN 3	USA Ret			5th	35
		Lotus 76				RSA Ret	ESP Ret	BEL Ret						GER 4
1975	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72E	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA 15	RSA 10	ESP Ret	MON 4	BEL Ret	SWE 9	NED 15	FRA 10	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 5	ITA Ret	USA 5				13th	6
1976	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 77	Cosworth V8	BRA Ret																	11th	10
	March Engineering	March 761			RSA Ret		ESP Ret	BEL Ret	MON Ret	SWE 7	FRA 19	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 6	NED Ret	ITA 1	CAN 9	USA Ret	JPN Ret
	Theodore Racing					USW 10
1977	Elf Team Tyrrell	Tyrrell P34B	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA Ret	RSA Ret	USW Ret	ESP 8	MON Ret	BEL 3	SWE Ret	FRA 12	GBR Ret	GER 9	AUT 5	NED Ret	ITA 6	USA 16	CAN Ret	JPN Ret	14th	7
1978	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 78	Cosworth V8	ARG 5	BRA Ret	RSA 1	USW 4	MON Ret	BEL 2								ITA Ret				2nd	51
		Lotus 79								ESP 2	SWE 3	FRA 2	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 1	NED 2		USA	CAN

References

Journals

• Henry, Alan (October 2008). "My Mate Ronnie". Motor Sport 48 (10): 58–64. 

Internet

• Nyberg, R. & Diepraam, M. 2000. Super Swede. 8W, January 2000.

External links

• The Official Ronnie Peterson Website

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Preceded by: Reine Wisell

Swedish Formula Three Champion 1968-1969

Succeeded by: Torsten Palm

Preceded by: Jean-Pierre Jaussaud

Monaco Formula Three Race Winner 1969

Succeeded by: Tony Trimmer

Preceded by: Clay Regazzoni

European Formula Two Champion 1971

Succeeded by: Mike Hailwood

Preceded by: Brian McGuire

Formula One fatal accidents 10 September 1978

Succeeded by: Patrick Depailler

This page uses some content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Ronnie Peterson. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Autopedia, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License.