Lotus 18 | |
---|---|
Race Car | |
Category | Formula One, Formula Two, Formula Junior |
Constructor | Team Lotus |
Designer | Colin Chapman |
Predecessor | 16 |
Successor | 21 |
Chassis | Steel spaceframe |
Suspension (front) | Double wishbone, with inboard coilover spring/damper units. |
Suspension (rear) | Lower wishbone, top link, and radius rod suspension, with outboard coilover spring/damper units. |
Engine | Coventry Climax FPF 2467 cc / 2497 cc / 1499.8 cc [Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout|mid-mounted]] |
Electric_motor | {{{Electric motor}}} |
Battery | {{{Battery}}} |
Power | |
Transmission | Lotus (Ansdale-Mundy) 5-speed sequential manual |
Weight | {{{Weight}}} |
Fuel | |
Brakes | {{{Brakes}}} |
Tyres | Dunlop |
Notable entrants | Team Lotus Rob Walker Racing Team UDT-Laystall Racing Team Equipe Nationale Belge |
Notable drivers | Innes Ireland Stirling Moss Alan Stacey John Surtees Jim Clark Trevor Taylor |
Debut | 1960 Argentine Grand Prix |
Races competed | 23 |
Race victories | 4 |
Podiums | 9 |
Constructors' Championships | 0 |
Drivers' Championships | 0 |
Pole positions | 0 |
Fastest laps | 0 |
The Lotus 18 was a race car designed by Colin Chapman for use by Lotus in Formula Junior, Formula Two, and Formula One.
Overview[]
Lotus 18 was the first mid-engined car built by Lotus and was a marked improvement over Chapman's early and only moderately successful front-engined formula cars, the 12 and 16. It was introduced for the 1960 F1, F2 and FJ seasons, with about 27 examples of the F1 and F2 versions and 110 of the FJ versions. As a stop-gap before the introduction of the 18's successor models, the Lotus 20 for F2/FJ and 21 for F1, some 18 chassis were rebodied with 21 skins to create the interim Lotus 18/21 hybrid derivative.
The 18 was replaced by the Lotus 21 in Formula One and the Lotus 20 in Formula Junior in 1961.
Design[]
The car was a classic Chapman design, being extremely light and simple; the body was made up of lightweight panels bolted to heavily-triangulated tube frame[1] (spaceframe) chassis. Thus the car was rigid, strong and light, maintaining the 16's forward weight distribution despite the engine moving behind the driver.
It was powered initially by a 2,467 cc Coventry Climax FPF (3.70" x 3.50") four cylinder DOHC engine inherited from the Grand Prix version of Lotus 16.[2] In 1960, the FPF was enlarged slightly to 2497 cc (3.70" x 90 mm), which produced 239 hp (178 kW) at 6,750 rpm from a weight of only 290 lbs (132 kg)[2] and had a wide torque range.[2]
The 2.5 litre engine was replaced by a 1.5 Litre (82 mm x 71 mm) Climax FPF Mk.II with new Formula One engine rules in 1961. The Formula Junior variant used a 998 cc Cosworth Mk.III or a Downton BMC "A" Series with 948cc displacement. The Formula Junior version also used smaller gauge chassis tubing and Alfin drum brakes on all four corners.
Further contributing to the weight advantage was the adoption of lightweight sequential manual transmission originally developed for Lotus 12 by Richard Ansdale and Harry Mundy incorporating the unique sequential-shifting motorcycle gearbox, and a ZF limited-slip differential in a common Magnesium alloy housing to form a transaxle, which also provided the mounting points for inboard rear brakes. This gearbox had been improved in its reliability for Lotus 15 and 16 in 1957-58 by Keith Duckworth, who had just joined Lotus as a gearbox engineer.
Although Porsche in Austria pioneered the sequential-shifting gearbox for racing cars, with the Type 360 Cisitalia, the idea was relatively new and the original transaxle in the Lotus 12, which was essentially an enlarged motorcycle gearbox, combined with ZF limited-slip differential, had gained the nickname "Queerbox", or "Gearbox-full of neutrals" for its poor reliability. With Duckworth having left to form Cosworth in 1958, Mike Costin, who, despite being the co-founder of Cosworth, remained with Lotus for a while longer, adopted the improved Queerbox in the Lotus 16, into a configuration for directly mounting it behind the engine for Lotus 18 with dedicated oil scavenge and pressure feed pumps, further improving its reliability while retaining the small and light design.
The Formula Junior version utilized the Renault 4-speed transaxle, and both of the Lotus transaxle and this Renault 'box had the gear shifter lever on the left side of the driver. An optional gearbox was the VW gearbox with Hewland 4 speed gears. This last gearbox has the added advantage of being able to change gear ratios from behind the gearbox without removing the gearbox from the car.
The front suspension was by double-wishbone arms with an outboard coil/damper unit. Unlike Chapman's former designs where the ends of the anti-roll bar acted as a leg of the upper wishbone, the 18 had a separate front anti-roll bar. The rear suspension was by upper and lower radius arms with a reversed lower wishbone, where the fixed-length half-shaft acted as the upper-link. The coil/damper unit was also mounted outboard in the rear, and the 18 sometimes ran with and without the rear anti-roll bar.
In order to capitalize on the weight advantage, Chapman designed a light, sleek machine only 28 inches (71 cm) high (excluding windscreen) and weighing just 980 lbs (440 kg).[3] To help facilitate this, the driver was placed in a semi-reclining position,[2] pioneered about a decade before by Gustav Baumm of NSU.[4]
Racing history[]
The Lotus 18 had remarkably good handling with a unique suspension system which drastically reduced weight transfer and body roll in cornering. Shortly, the Lotus 18 was proving to be faster than any car Grand Prix racing had ever seen,[5] eclipsing even the legendary Auto Unions and being widely copied. It was also built as a two-seat sports-racer called the Lotus 19 or Monte Carlo.[2]
The car took Lotus' first F1 victory, by Innes Ireland in the non-championship Glover Trophy, on 8 April 1960.[6] Its first World Championship win happened six weeks later, on 29 May, albeit by privateer Rob Walker, who leased the car from Chapman. Driven by Stirling Moss the car took a dominant win at the 1960 Monaco Grand Prix. It was an early taste of things to come. Moss also won the United States Grand Prix at the end of the season helping Lotus finish second in the constructors' championship.
Moss repeated his win in a legendary race at Monaco the following year, beating off the more powerful and faster 'sharknose' Ferraris. He then won at the fearsome Nürburgring in changeable weather, while Innes Ireland took a third win in the USA to help Lotus finish second in the constructors' championship in 1961. The Lotus 18 was also notable for giving Jim Clark his first Grand Prix start in 1960.
The Belgian Grand Prix at Spa in 1960 was notable for Moss's accident in the Rob Walker 18 in practice which kept him from the race and the death of Alan Stacey when he left the track in his 18 apparently following a bird strike in the face.
Complete Formula One results[]
Championship results[]
(key) (Results in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap.)
Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | Points | WCC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | Team Lotus | Climax Straight-4 | D | ARG | MON | 500 | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | POR | ITA | USA | 34 | 2nd | |
Innes Ireland | 6 | 9 | 2 | Ret | 7 | 3 | 6 | 2 | ||||||||
Jim Clark | Ret | 5 | 5 | 16 | 3 | 16 | ||||||||||
Ron Flockhart | 6 | |||||||||||||||
John Surtees | Ret | 2 | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||
Alan Stacey | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||||||||||||
Rob Walker Racing Team | Stirling Moss | 1 | 4 | DNS | DSQ | 1 | ||||||||||
Taylor-Crawley Racing Team | Mike Taylor | DNS | ||||||||||||||
Jim Hall | Jim Hall | 7 | ||||||||||||||
1961 | Team Lotus | Climax Straight-4 | D | MON | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | 32* | 2nd | |||
Innes Ireland | Ret | |||||||||||||||
Trevor Taylor | 13 | |||||||||||||||
Rob Walker Racing Team | Stirling Moss | 1 | 4 | 8 | Ret | Ret | 1 | Ret | ||||||||
UDT-Laystall Racing Team | Cliff Allison | 8 | DNS | |||||||||||||
Henry Taylor | DNQ | 10 | Ret | 11 | ||||||||||||
Juan Manuel Bordeu | DNS | |||||||||||||||
Masten Gregory | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||
Olivier Gendebien | 11 | |||||||||||||||
Lucien Bianchi | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||
Equipe Nationale Belge | Ret | |||||||||||||||
Willy Mairesse | Ret | |||||||||||||||
Scuderia Colonia | Michael May | Ret | 11 | DNS | ||||||||||||
Wolfgang Seidel | DNS | 17 | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||
Camoradi International | Ian Burgess | DNS | DNS | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||
Tony Marsh | Tony Marsh | DNQ | Ret | 15 | ||||||||||||
Tim Parnell | Tim Parnell | Ret | 10 | |||||||||||||
Gerry Ashmore | Gerry Ashmore | Ret | 16 | Ret | ||||||||||||
Louise Bryden-Brown | Tony Maggs | 13 | 11 | |||||||||||||
J Frank Harrison | Lloyd Ruby | Ret | ||||||||||||||
Jim Hall | Jim Hall | Ret | ||||||||||||||
J Wheeler Autosport | Peter Ryan | 9 | ||||||||||||||
Prince Gaetano Starrabba | Maserati Straight-4 | Gaetano Starrabba | Ret | 0 | - | |||||||||||
1962 | UDT-Laystall Racing Team | Climax Straight-4 | D | NED | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | RSA | 36* | 2nd | ||
Masten Gregory | Ret | |||||||||||||||
Scuderia Repubblica di Venezia | Nino Vaccarella | DNQ | ||||||||||||||
Emeryson Cars | John Campbell-Jones | 11 | ||||||||||||||
Equipe Nationale Belge | Lucien Bianchi | 9 | 16 | |||||||||||||
Ecurie Excelsior | Jay Chamberlain | 15 | DNQ | DNQ | ||||||||||||
Gerry Ashmore | Gerry Ashmore | DNQ | ||||||||||||||
Scuderia Jolly Club | Ernesto Prinoth | DNQ | ||||||||||||||
John Dalton | Tony Shelly | Ret | DNQ | |||||||||||||
BRM V8 | DNQ | 1* | 8th | |||||||||||||
1963 | Tim Parnell | Climax Straight-4 | D | MON | BEL | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | RSA | 54* | 1st | |
Tim Parnell | DNQ | |||||||||||||||
André Pilette | DNQ | |||||||||||||||
André Pilette | DNQ | |||||||||||||||
Kurt Kuhnke | Borgward Straight-4 | Kurt Kuhnke | DNQ | 0 | - | |||||||||||
1965 | Clive Puzey Motors | Climax Straight-4 | D | RSA | MON | BEL | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX | 54* | 1st | |
Clive Puzey | DNPQ |
* Includes points scored by other Lotus models
Non-Championship results[]
(key)
Year | Entrant | Engine | Tyres | Drivers | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | Team Lotus | Climax Straight-4 | D | GLV | INT | SIL | LOM | OUL | |||||||||||||||||
Innes Ireland | 1 | 1 | Ret | 1 | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||
John Surtees | Ret | 6 | Ret | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
Alan Stacey | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jim Clark | Ret | 2 | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Taylor-Crawley Racing Team | Mike Taylor | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
RRC Walker Racing Team | Stirling Moss | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vandervell Products Ltd. | Vanwall L4 | Tony Brooks | DNS | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Scuderia Centro Sud | Maserati Straight-4 | Ian Burgess | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1961 | Team Lotus | Climax Straight-4 | D | LOM | GLV | PAU | BRX | VIE | AIN | SYR | NAP | LON | SIL | SOL | KAN | DAN | MOD | FLG | OUL | LEW | VAL | RAN | NAT | RSA | |
Jim Clark | 6 | 1 | Ret | 9 | 6 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Innes Ireland | 10 | 5 | Ret | 10 | Ret | 9 | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||
Trevor Taylor | Ret | 19 | 9 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
Rob Walker Racing Team | Stirling Moss | 4 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
UDT Laystall Racing Team | Ret | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cliff Allison | 2 | 8 | 5 | 15 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Henry Taylor | 4 | 6 | Ret | Ret | 2 | 8 | 4 | Ret | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
Carl Hammarlund | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Masten Gregory | Ret | NC | 5 | Ret | Ret | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||
Jo Bonnier | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scuderia Colonia | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Wolfgang Seidel | Ret | Ret | 2 | 11 | 5 | Ret | DNQ | Ret | 8 | ||||||||||||||||
Maurice Trintignant | DNS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Michael May | Ret | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tony Marsh | Tony Marsh | 7 | 3 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Louise Bryden-Brown | Dan Gurney | 14 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Camoradi International | Ian Burgess | Ret | 6 | DSQ | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Lloyd Casner | DNS | DNS | DNS | ||||||||||||||||||||||
RHH Parnell The Three Musketeers |
Tim Parnell | 7 | 6 | Ret | 8 | 7 | 5 | 5 | DNQ | 7 | Ret | 3 | |||||||||||||
André Pilette | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gerry Ashmore | Ret | 11 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gerry Ashmore | DNA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scuderia Dolomiti | Ernesto Prinoth | 3 | DNS | 10 | Ret | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Jack Holme | Jack Holme | Ret | WD | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince G. Starabba | Maserati Straight-4 | Giorgio Scarlatti | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Gaetano Starrabba | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Syd van der Vyver | Alfa Romeo Straight-4 | Syd van der Vyver | 7 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Equipe Judette | Ford Straight-4 | Bob van Niekerk | 9 | Ret | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Bernard Podmore | Bernard Podmore | Ret | WD | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
Neville Lederle | Neville Lederle | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ecurie Wolman | Borgward Straight-4 | Helmut Menzler | Ret | Ret | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
1962 | UDT-Laystall Racing Team | Climax Straight-4 | D | CAP | BRX | LOM | LAV | GLV | PAU | AIN | INT | NAP | MAL | CPL | RMS | SOL | KAN | MED | DAN | OUL | MEX | RAN | NAT | ||
Masten Gregory | 4 | Ret | Ret | 5 | Ret | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Innes Ireland | 3 | Ret | 3 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stirling Moss | 7 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rob Walker Racing Team | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Maurice Trintignant | 1 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Graham Hill | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scuderia Republica di Venezia | Nino Vaccarella | DNQ | 6 | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||
Colin Davis | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carlo Abate | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
RHH Parnell | Tim Parnell | Ret | 9 | Ret | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
John Dalton | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gary Hocking | Ret | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
John Dalton | Tony Shelly | 5 | 3 | 6 | 7 | Ret | 6 | 8 | Ret | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Ecurie Excelsior | Jay Chamberlain | 5 | Ret | DSQ | 16 | DNQ | Ret | Ret | 9 | ||||||||||||||||
Olle Nygren | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gerry Ashmore | Gerry Ashmore | Ret | 9 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Graham Eden | Ret | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Speed Sport | David Piper | 11 | 17 | 8 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||
A. Robinson & Sons | Philip Robinson | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Walter Hansgen | Walt Hansgen | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jim Hall | Homer Rader | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jack Holme | Jack Holme | DNQ | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Autosport Team Wolfgang Seidel | Günther Seiffert | Ret | WD | 12 | DNQ | Ret | NC | 9 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||
Kurt Kuhnke | DNQ | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Kurt Kuhnke | Borgward Straight-4 | DNA | DNA | DNA | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ecurie Wolman | Helmut Menzler | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vern McWilliams | Vern McWilliams | DNQ | DNQ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince G. Starabba | Maserati Straight-4 | Gaetano Starrabba | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Syd van der Vyver | Alfa Romeo Straight-4 | Syd van der Vyver | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bill Scheepers | Bill Scheepers | DNQ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Equipe Judette | Ford Straight-4 | Bob van Niekerk | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Bernard Podmore | Bernard Podmore | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Neville Lederle | Neville Lederle | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ted Lanfear | Peter van Niekerk | DNQ | DNQ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1963 | A. Robinson & Sons | Climax Straight-4 | D | LOM | GLV | PAU | IMO | SYR | AIN | INT | ROM | SOL | KAN | MED | AUT | OUL | RAN | ||||||||
Brian Robinson | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Philip Robinson | 8 | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
RHH Parnell | NC | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tim Parnell | 7 | DSQ | Ret | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Ron Carter | Ret | WD | |||||||||||||||||||||||
André Pilette | Ret | 12 | 10 | 9 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
André Pilette | DNS | DNS | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ernesto Prinoth | Ernesto Prinoth | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Scuderia Jolly Club | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Jock Russell | Jock Russell | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jack Holme | Jack Holme | Ret | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Prince G. Starabba | Maserati Straight-4 | Gaetano Starrabba | Ret | 6 | 5 | DNQ | |||||||||||||||||||
Kurt Kuhnke | Borgward Straight-4 | Kurt Kuhnke | DNQ | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||
Ernst Maring | DNQ | Ret | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1964 | Jock Russell | Climax Straight-4 | D | DMT | NWT | SYR | AIN | INT | SOL | MED | RAN | ||||||||||||||
Jock Russell | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clive Puzey Motors | Clive Puzey | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Kurt Kuhnke | Borgward Straight-4 | Ernst Maring | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Joachim Diel | Ret | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1965 | Scuderia Nord-Ouest | Climax Straight-4 | D | ROC | SYR | SMT | INT | MED | RAN | ||||||||||||||||
Colin Davis | DNQ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Clive Puzey Motors | Clive Puzey | 9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
1966 | Clive Puzey Motors | Climax Straight-4 | D | RSA | SYR | INT | OUL | ||||||||||||||||||
Clive Puzey | 7 |
References[]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: [[Commons:Category: Category:Lotus 18 | Lotus 18
]] |
- Lotus Formula Juniors 1960-1963 - Robinshaw & Bouckley
- ↑ Setright, L.J.K., "Lotus: The Golden Mean", in Northey, Tom, ed. World of Automobiles (London: Orbis, 1974), Volume 11, p.1228.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Setright, p.1228
- ↑ This was virtually the same as the 16 with, oddly enough, more weight actually on the front wheels. Setright, p.1228.
- ↑ Setright, p.1230.
- ↑ Setright, p.1229.
- ↑ http://www.statsf1.com/saisons/gphc/gp.aspx?idGp=169&LG=1[permanent dead link]
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This page uses some content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Lotus 18. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with Autopedia, the text of Wikipedia is available under the GNU Free Documentation License. |