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Ferrari is an Italian Automobile manufacturer in the Formula One World Championship, also involved in the production of high-end and high-performance racing cars, supercars, and sports cars. The company was founded by the Italian Enzo Ferrari in 1929. At first, Scuderia Ferrari sponsored drivers and manufactured racing cars; the company went into independent car production in 1946, eventually became Ferrari S.p.A., and was controlled by the Fiat group from 1988 to 2015. The company is based in Maranello, near Modena, Italy. In 2006, the premium performance brand sold over 1,400 vehicles in the United States of America under a strategy to produce one less than the total orders placed by customers. The Company is one of the most recognized car companies in the world and is a Symbol of Luxury and Wealth.

History goes back before the 1900s

See also:
Enzo Ferrari for the founder's life story
Scuderia Ferrari for further history of the Ferrari racing team
History of Ferrari for the entire history of Ferrari

1929-1946

Enzo Ferrari never intended to produce road cars when he formed Scuderia Ferrari in 1929 as a sponsor for amateur drivers headquartered in Modena. Ferrari prepared and successfully raced various drivers using Alfa Romeo cars until 1938, when he was officially hired by Alfa as head of their racing department.

In 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to absorb his beloved Scuderia and take control of his racing efforts, he quit Alfa. Because he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories. Also known as SEFAC Ferrari did in fact produce one racecar, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car (it debuted at the 1940 Mille Miglia), but due to World War II it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 and rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production. Right up to Il Commendatore's death, this would remain little more than a source of funding for his first love, racing.

"Scuderia Ferrari" literally means "Ferrari Stable" in keeping with the prancing horse emblem; the name is figuratively translated as "Team Ferrari." (It is correctly pronounced "skoo de REE ah").

1945-present

The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5 L V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not the performance.

Ferrari road cars, noted for magnificent styling by design houses like Pininfarina, have long been one of the ultimate accessories for the rich. Other design houses that have done work for Ferrari over the years include Scaglietti, Bertone, Touring, Ghia, and Vignale.

As of 2016, Ferrari is now an independent brand.

Racing

Schumacher A1Ring

The Scuderia celebrate another Schumacher win, (C) Ferrari Press Office

Main article: Scuderia Ferrari

Enzo Ferrari's true passion, despite his extensive road car business, was always auto racing. His Scuderia started as an independent sponsor for drivers in various cars, but soon became the Alfa Romeo in-house racing team. After Ferrari's departure from Alfa, he began to design and produce cars of his own; the Ferrari team first appeared on the European Grand Prix scene after the end of World War II.

In 1949, Luigi Chinetti drove a Model 166M to Ferrari's first win in motorsports, which was at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Chinetti drove the automobile for all except twenty minutes of the Grand Prix race. Chinetti soon became the American dealer for Ferraris and established the North American Racing Team, Ferrari's official racing arm. The dealership is reported to have provided the sales that kept the company in business through sales to wealthy Americans, such as Briggs Cunningham, who bought the first one Chinetti sold through the new dealership.

The Scuderia joined the Formula One World Championship in the first year of its existence, 1950. José Froilán González gave the team its first victory at the 1951 British Grand Prix. Alberto Ascari gave Ferrari its first World Championship a year later. Ferrari is the oldest team left in the championship, not to mention the most successful: the team holds nearly every Formula One record. As of 2004, the team's records include fourteen World Drivers Championship titles (1952, 1953, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1975, 1977, 1979, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), fourteen World Constructors Championship titles (1961, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004), 179 grand prix victories, 3445 and a half points, 544 podium finishes, 174 pole positions, 11,182 laps led, and 180 fastest laps in 1622 grands prix contested.

Famous drivers include Tazio Nuvolari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Luigi Chinetti, Alberto Ascari, Phil Hill, Mike Hawthorn, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Gilles Villeneuve, Gerhard Berger, Nigel Mansell, Alain Prost, Jean Alesi, and Michael Schumacher.

The "Cavallino Rampante"

Scuderia Ferrari Logo

The Scuderia Ferrari Logo

The famous symbol of the Ferrari race team is a black prancing horse on yellow shield-shaped background, usually with the letters S F for Scuderia Ferrari, and with three stripes of the Italian national colors green-white-red on top. The road cars have a rectangular badge on the bonnet (see picture above).

Curiously, a similar black horse on a yellow shield is the Coat of Arms of the German city of Stuttgart. This name is derived from Stutengarten, an ancient form of the modern German word Gestüt, which translates into English as stud farm and into Italian as scuderia. Stuttgart, called Stoccarda by the Italians, is the home of Mercedes-Benz and Ferrari's rival Porsche, which also uses the Stuttgart sign in its corporate logo, centred in the emblem of the state of Württemberg just like the city is placed within the state. Enzo Ferrari met these competitors many times since the 1920s while competing for Alfa.

504px-Coat of arms of Stuttgart

Coat of arms of Stuttgart, Germany

On June 17, 1923, Enzo Ferrari won a race at the Savio track in Ravenna where he met the Countess Paolina, mother of Count Francesco Baracca, a legendary asso (ace) of the Italian air force and national hero during World War I, who used to paint a horse on the side of his planes. The Countess asked Enzo to use this horse on his cars, suggesting that it would grant him good luck. Ferrari left the horse black as it had been on Baracca's plane; however, he added a canary yellow background as this is the color of the city of Modena, his birthplace. It has been supposed the choice of a horse was perhaps partly because his noble family was known for having many horses on their estates at Lugo di Romagna. Another theory suggests Baracca copied the rampant horse design from a shot-down German pilot who had the emblem of the city of Stuttgart on his plane. This is supported by the evidence Barraca's horse looks more similar to the one of Stuttgart (not changed since 1938) than the current Ferrari design, especially as the legs of the horses are concerned. Baracca using the Stuttgart horse from a shot-down plane ties in with the fact that his family owned many horses.

Ferrari used the cavallino rampante on official company stationery beginning in 1929. The first race at which Alfa Romeo would let Ferrari use the horse on the Alfas entered by his Scuderia Ferrari won the Spa 24 Hours on July 9, 1932, which the Ferrari-led Alfa team won. Ever since, the cavallino was shown on the Alfas that were competing against the Silver Arrows of Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union, among others.

800px-FBaracca 1

Count Francesco Baracca

The prancing horse has not always been uniquely identified with the Ferrari brand: Fabio Taglioni used it on his Ducati motorbikes. Taglioni's father was, in fact, a companion of Baracca's and fought with him in the 91st Air Squad. But, as Ferrari's fame grew, Ducati abandoned the horse; this may have been the result of a private agreement between the two brands.

Logo avanti

Austrian Fuel Stations

The prancing horse is now a trademark of Ferrari. Yet, other companies use similar logos. One example is quite prominent next to roads in Austria and Eastern European countries, as an Austrian company, named "avanti" since 1972, operates over 100 filling stations marked with a prancing horse logo which is almost identical to Ferrari's.

Rosso Corsa

Rossa-corsa

The Rosso Corsa color on a Ferrari.

Since the 1920s, Italian race cars of Alfa Romeo, Maserati and later Ferrari and Abarth were (and often still are) painted in "race red" (Rosso Corsa). This was the customary national racing colour of Italy, as recommended between the World Wars by the organisations that later would become the FIA. In that scheme, French cars like Bugatti were blue, German like BMW and Porsche white (since 1934 also Silver Arrows), British racing green etc.

Curiously, Ferrari won the 1964 World championship with John Surtees by competing the last two races in cars painted white and blue, as these were not entered by the Italian factory themselves, but the US-based NART team. This was done as a protest concerning arguments between Ferrari and the Italian Racing Authorities regarding the homologation of a new mid-engined Ferrari race car.

List of models

Ferrari-prancing-horse-emblem

Until the mid-1990s, Ferrari followed a three-number naming scheme based on engine displacement:

  • V6 and V8 models used the total displacement (in decilitres) for the first two digits and the number of cylinders as the third. Thus, the 206 was a 2.0 L V6-powered vehicle, while the 348 used a 3.4 L V8.
  • V12 models used the displacement (in cubic centimetres) of one cylinder. Therefore, the famed 365 Daytona had a 4380 cc V12.
  • Flat 12 (boxer) models used the displacement in litres. Therefore, the 512BB was five litre flat 12 (a Berlinetta Boxer, in this case).

Most Ferraris were also given designations referring to their body style. In general, the following conventions were used:

  • M standing for "Modificata," this suffix is placed to the end of a model's number designation to denote that it is a modified version of its predecessor and not a complete evolution (see F512M and 575M Maranello).
  • GTB models are closed Berlinettas, or coupes
  • GTS models, in older models, are convertibles (see 365 GTS4); however, in late models, this suffix is used for targa top models (see 348 GTS, and F355 GTS; exception being the 348 TS, which is the only targa named differently). The convertible models now use the suffix "Spider" (see F355 Spider, and Ferrari 360 Spider).

This naming system can be confusing, as some entirely different vehicles used the same engine type and body style. Many Ferraris also had other names affixed (like Daytona) to identify them further. Many such names are actually not official factory names. The Daytona name commemorates Ferrari's triple success in the February 1967 24 Hours of Daytona with the 330P4. Only in the 1973 Daytona 24h, a 365 GTB4 model run by N.A.R.T. (North American Racing Team, who raced Ferrari's in America) scored 2nd - behind a Porsche 911.

As well, the 250 GTO's famous acronym, which means Gran Turismo Omologato, was simply a name the Italian press gave the car which referred to the way Ferrari had, in a sense, avoided the rules and successfully homologated the car for racing purposes (Somehow, Ferrari had convinced the FIA, the 250 GTO was the same car as previous 250's). This was probably to avoid confusion with the multiple 250 models produced before the GTO.

The various Dino models were named for Enzo's only legitimate son, Alfredo, nicknamed Alfredino or Dino, who died in 1956, aged 24, from muscular dystrophy.

In the mid 1990s, Ferrari added the letter "F" to the beginning of all models (a practice quickly abandoned after the F512M and F355, but was picked up again with the F430).

Road models

Ferrari road car timeline, 1947–1967 ([edit]) later->
Type 1940s 1950s 1960s
7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
sports 125 166 195 250
S/MM
250
Export
250 GT
Tour de France
250 GT
SWB
250 GTO
159 212 250 GT
Cabriolet
250 GT
Spyder California
GT 250
Europa
250 GT
Europa
250 GT
Boano
250 GT
Ellena
250 GT
Pininfarina
250 GT
Lusso
275 GTB 275 GTB/4
2+2 250 GT
2+2/GTE
330 GT 365 GT
America 340
America
375
America
410
Superamerica
400
Superamerica
500
Superfast
365
California


<-earlier Ferrari road car timeline, 1960-present Edit
Type 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
FR GT 250 275 365 GTB/4 Daytona 550 575M
America 330 365 599
2+2 250GT 330GT 365GT GTC/4 GT4 400 400i 412 456 456 M 612
RMR V6/V8 Dino 206 Dino 246 GT 308GTB 308i 308 QV 328 348 360
246 GTS 308 GTS 208 F355 F430
2+2 Dino GT4 Mondial 8 Mondial QV 3.2 Mondial Mondial t California
flat-12 365BB 512 BB 512i BB Testarossa 512TR F512M
Halo model 250 GTO 250 LM 288 GTO F40 F50 Enzo FXX
F50 GT


Ferrari wordmark

The Ferrari wordmark.

800px-Ferrari parking lot at USGP 2005

The Ferrari Club of America's parking lot at the 2005 United States Grand Prix

Sports cars

Ferrari 166 inter

The Ferrari 166 was the first car Ferrari built.

Ferrari's earliest models were pure sports cars, not the supercars we know today.

Mid-engine V6/V8

Ferrari.targa.arp

Ferrari 328 GTS Targa

Cavallino

The "Cavallino Rampante" is Ferrari's logo and trademark.

Red Ferrari Dino

The Dino

The Dino was the first mid-engined Ferrari. This layout would go on to be used in most Ferraris of the 1980s and 1990s. V6 and V8 Ferrari models make up well over half of the marque's total production.

2-seat Gran Turismo

Ferrari 575M Maranello

The Ferrari 575M Maranello

Ferrari-599-gtb-fiorano with michael

Michael Schumacher standing next to a Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano.

Ferrari quickly moved into the Gran Turismo market, and the bulk of the company's sales remain in this area.

Mid-engine 2+2

Ferrari.dino.arp

Bertone-bodied Dino Ferrari 308 GT4

For a time, Ferrari built 2+2 versions of its mid-engined V8 cars. Although they looked quite different from their 2-seat counterparts, both the GT4 and Mondial were very closely-related to the 308 GTB.

Front-engine 2+2

450px-SAG2004 214 Ferrari G12

Ferrari 612 Scaglietti

The company has also produced front-engined 2+2 cars, culminating in the 612 Scaglietti.

Mid-engine 12-cylinder

Ferrari entered the mid-engined 12-cylinder fray with the Berlinetta Boxer in 1971. The later Testarossa remains one of the most famous Ferraris.

Supercars

Scarsdale Concours Enzo 2

The Enzo

The company's loftiest efforts have been in the supercar market.

Competition models

Current

Past

800px-RL 1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa 34

1958 Ferrari 250 Testa Rossa from the Ralph Lauren collection

Ferrari 458 Italia display

The 2009 Ferrari 458 Italia

Ferrari60

See Also

Enzo-ferrari-grand-prixthin
FERRARI

Current Models

812 Superfast · F8 Tributo · Roma · Portofino · Purosangue · 296 GTB · Daytona SP3 · Monza SP

Historic Models

LaFerrari · Enzo · F50 · F40 · 288 GTO · Testarossa · 250 GTO · Daytona · America/Superfast · 250 Series · 365 · 328 · 348 · F355 · 360 Modena · 456/456 M · 550 Maranello · 575M · 275 Series · 206/246 Dino · Mondial · 340 MM · 308 · 400/412 · 400 Automatic · 400i · 412 · Ferrari 125 S · 166 · 166MM · 512BB · 365 GT4 BB · 512iBB · 250 Testa Rossa · 308 GTB · F430 · F430 Spider · 612 Scaglietti · 212 Inter · 599 GTB Fiorano · 159 S · 195 · FF · F12 · California · 488 GTB · GTC4Lusso ·

Competition

512 BB LM · 288 GTO Evoluzione · 360 Challenge Stradale · F40 GTE · F50 GT · FXX · FXX Evoluzione · 430 Scuderia · 599XX · 599 GTO · 458 Challenge · FXX K

Racing

125 F1 · 212F1 . 275/340/375 F1/375 Indy . 206 SP · 330 LMB · 330 TRI/LM · 250 P · 250 LM · 330 P · 330 P2 · 330 P3 · 330 P4 · 412 P · 512S · 512M · 500 · 553 · 625 · 555 · D50 · 801 · 246 F1 ·246 P . 156 · 158 · 1512 · F1-66 · 312 ·312B · 312B2· 312B3 · 312T · 312T2 · 312T3 · 312T4 · 312T5 · 126CK · 126C2 · 126C2B· 126C3 · 126C4 · 156/85 · F1/86 · F1/87 · F1/87/88C · 640 · 641 · 642 · 643 · F92A · F93A · 412 T1 · 412 T2 · F310 · F130B F300 · F399 · F1-2000 · F2001 · F2002 ·F2003-GA · F2004 · F2005 · 248 F1 · F2007 · F2008 · F60 F10 · 150° Italia · F2012 · F138 · F14 T · SF15-T · SF16-H · SF70H · SF71H · SF90 · SF1000 · SF21 · F1-75 · 637 . 333SP . F430 GT2 . 458 GTC . 488 GTE · 296 GT3

One-Off

P4/5 · 166/250 Abarth Spyder · FX · Testarossa F90 Speciale · GG50 · 456 Venice · 575 GTZ · P540 Superfast Aperta · F12 TRS


Concept

FXX Millechili · Pinin Concept · F430 Spider BioFuel Concept · FZ93 Concept · 308GT Rainbow Concept · Mythos Concept · 512 Modulo Concept · HY-KERS Hybrid Concept .


Enzo Ferrari · Alfredo Ferrari · Giaochino Colombo · Giampaolo Dallara · Giotto Bizzarinni · Luca Cordero di Montezemolo · Cavallino Rampante · Scuderia Ferrari · Carrozzeria Scaglietti Personalization · Ferrari Portfolio · Dino · Ferrari Annual · Ferrari World . Ferrari 296 GT


Enzo Ferrari Corporate website independent


External links

News & References

External Pictures Galleries

Chatting in IRC
  • #Ferrari -- The unofficial Ferrari support channel for all Ferrari fans in QuakeNet IRC Network
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