2011 24 Hours of Le Mans

The 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans (24 Heures du Mans 2011) was the 79th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place on 11–12 June 2011 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France, and organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO). It was the third round of the 2011 Intercontinental Le Mans Cup, and was part of a World Championship or International Cup for the first time since 1992, when it was part of the World Sportscar Championship. The race was attended by 249,500 spectators.

Audi Sport Team Joest's Benoît Tréluyer earned Audi their first pole position in five years while the team's sister car locked out the front row. Early accidents eliminated two of Audi's three entries, but the sole remaining Audi R18 TDI of Tréluyer, Marcel Fässler, and André Lotterer held off the trio of Peugeot 908s to claim victory by a margin of 13.8 seconds. Greaves Motorsport Zytek-Nissan won the LMP2 category, Corvette Racing secured the GTE Pro class victory, and Larbre Compétition claimed a one-two finish in the GTE Am category with Corvette and Porsche.

Regulation changes
2011 will mark the first major revisions in Le Mans regulations since 2007, with significant changes on both the Le Mans Prototype category (LMP) and the Grand Touring category (GT).

The new ACO rules state that the current LMP1 cars (2007–2010) will be rendered obsolete so new prototypes would have to be created. Engines in the LMP1 are similar to the engines in the LMP2 prior to 2010 (maximum engine sizes are: 3.4 L (3400 cc) for naturally-aspirated engines; 2.0 L (2000 cc) for turbocharged petrol engines; 3.7 L (3700 cc) for turbocharged diesel engines). For 2011 cars raced during the 2010 season in an ACO-sanctioned event may participate, but must run smaller air restrictors, less boost pressure (turbo and turbo diesel), and a smaller fuel cell.

LMP2 engines are reduced to those similar to GT2; the engines must be production-based (maximum engine sizes are: 5.0 L (5000 cc) for normally-aspirated engines, 8 cylinders maximum; 3.2 L (3200 cc) for turbocharged engines, 6 cylinders maximum; diesel engines are not permitted). LMP2 will also be focused on lower costs; the maximum cap for an LMP2 car will be set at €400,000 (€325,000 for chassis, €75,000 for engine). Lola Cars International was the first manufacturer to announce two different LMP2 cars, the open cockpit B11/40 and the closed cockpit B11/80; BMW, Ford, Honda (HPD), Jaguar, Nissan and Toyota engines can be fitted into a B11/40.

Hybrid vehicle drivetrain systems will be extensively allowed with the new regulations, which include kinetic-energy recovery systems (KERS; no push-to-pass systems – KERS in LMP cars must be activated with the accelerator pedal), as well as four-wheel drive (non-hybrid vehicles will remain two-wheel drive, specifically rear-wheel drive). All LMP cars will be weighed at 900 kg. In addition, LMP bodywork must have a Formula One-style vertical fin on the top of the engine cover to reduce lift tendency and such "flipping" airborne crashes such as the race with three incidents by the Mercedes-Benz CLR, the most famous is by Peter Dumbreck and the 2008 1000 km of Monza crash by Stéphane Ortelli with the Courage-Oreca LC70.

The former GT2 class becomes the sole production-based category in 2011, renamed as GT Endurance category and will be separated into two subclasses, GTE Amateur (GTE Am) and GTE Professional (GTE Pro), with a trophy each class. The 2011 regulations do allow for 2010-spec GT1 cars to take part on GTE Am class, although none have been entered.

Entries
With the construction of a 56th pit that was designed for the 56th entry in the 2010 race, there will be 56 spaces for the 2011 race. Unlike 2010, the 56th pit from 2011 onwards will not be accepted to normal LMP/GT competitors. The ACO have claimed that they will accept a 56th car from anywhere outside of all the ACO rules and regulations and any Le Mans-based series, providing that this vehicle in question demonstrates the use of green environmental-friendly technology.

Automatic invitations
Automatic entries to the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans were granted to teams that performed well in the previous year's 24 Hours of Le Mans, as well as the 2010 seasons of the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, Petit Le Mans, Asian Le Mans Series and Intercontinental Le Mans Cup. An automatic invitation is also awarded to the team which accumulates the most points in the Michelin Green X Challenge as part of the Le Mans Series, based on fuel economy of competitors during each event.

Entry list
On 9 February 2011, the ACO released the official entry list of 56 cars plus ten reserves.

On April 12, the second Signatech entry in LMP2 was withdrawn from the entry list, promoting Extreme Limite AM Paris's Norma M200 from the reserve list.

On May 16, Highcroft Racing's entry in LMP1 was withdrawn from the entry list. The team cited a lack of financial support as the cause, while at the same time announcing their partnership with Honda and HPD had come to a close. The Kronos Racing Lola-Aston Martin was promoted to the entry list.

As in the previous year's Le Mans, ten cars were selected as reserves. These ten are divided evenly with five LMPs and five GTs. Rather than the first reserve replacing a car of any class, a withdrawing LMP can only be replaced by another LMP and the same applies to GTs. The specific classes within LMP and GT are not considered in this process. Reserve entries are added in the order specified below.

Qualifying
Even though Audi has collected many Le Mans victories, 2011 was the first year where Audi started on pole since 2006. Despite the capacity reduction to just 3.7L, the new R18 and 908 managed to run several seconds faster than the original LMP1 diesel, the Audi R10 TDI, that clocked a 2006 lap of 3:30.466. The new prototype qualifying speed is also quicker than the Audi R10 in 2007. Again, despite the capacity reduction, the new Peugeot 908 managed a top speed of 341km/h, just 5km/h less than last year's Peugeot 908 HDi FAP with a much bigger 5.5L V12 turbodiesel engine.

Qualifying result
Class leaders are in bold.

Race
Before the race began, many teams were already adopting different strategies. Audi could not make the R18 go on a tank of fuel for longer than 11 laps, so they decided to trade fuel efficiency in favour of speed and downforce. The Peugeot 908 can run 12 laps on the same tank, mostly owing to its low-drag design. The 1-lap deficit in fuel economy that Audi had meant that they had to perform two more pitstops over the 24-hour period. This also forced them to run, on average, at least 0.5 seconds per lap quicker than Peugeot in order to compete effectively with the 908s. This had historically been the opposite, as Audi's cars had won the 2008 and 2010 races through reliability, fuel economy, and tyre-wear efficiency despite Peugeot's quick pace.

Within the first hour of the race, the Audi R18 #3 car driven by Allan McNish hit the barrier and rolled over near the Dunlop Bridge after a collision with the No. 58 GTE Pro class Ferrari 458 Italia, driven by Anthony Beltoise, after it had rejoined the track from the pit lane and was passing the slower Ferrari just after the Dunlop Bridge. McNish had started from from fifth on the grid and by the second lap and was running second. The crash was severe and threw the Audi into the air after hitting the crash barrier beyond the gravel trap. The Audi was effectively destroyed but McNish walked away from the accident, while Beltoise, after assistance, rejoined the track with his car having bodywork damage. The BMW M3s were struggling with grip issues and by the time the field reached Dunlop Bridge, Gavin in the #74 Corvette had already took the class lead. The early safety car period from McNish's accident gave Gavin a major advantage over the rest of the GTE field, and from that point on the #74 Corvette opened up its lead to a full lap. The #2 Audi, meanwhile, had already made back a single pitstop deficit and was still leading the Peugeots. The total 4:46 hours of safety car periods throughout the race eventually negated any advantage Peugeot had over Audi on fuel economy.

Eight hours into the race, the Audi R18 #1 car crashed in another massive accident for Joest Racing after making contact with the #71 Ferrari whilst trying to pass in a high-speed section between Mulsanne and Indianapolis corners, but again driver Mike Rockenfeller was able to walk away from the crash. After the accident, the safety car came out for over 2 hours because of massive damage done to the barriers from the crash. For the first time ever at Le Mans, the safety car ran low on fuel and had to be replaced – it was required to drive as fast as possible to keep pressure within the race cars' tyres, but in so doing greatly increased its own fuel consumption.

By dawn, Jan Magnussen in the #74 Corvette had built up a lead of 2 laps over the 2nd placed GTE car, the #51 AF Corse Ferrari. However, at 8 AM, he lost traction coming out of the Porsche Curves and collided with the #63 Proton Competition Porsche. Both cars were immediately out of the race. With 7 hours to go, the #51 AF Corse Ferrari was back in the lead, more than a lap ahead of the #73 Corvette. When the track became damp late in the race, though, the Corvette at times gained more than 2 seconds per lap on the Ferrari. The Corvette drivers were also doing triple stints, whilst the AF Corse Ferrari only double stinted. Despite the Corvette having to pit twice more due to poorer fuel ecconomy, the #73 team's total pit stop times were up to 2:55 quicker than the AF Corse car. This, combined with their pace advantage was just enough for the Corvette to take the lead. Antonio Garcia took the final stint and brought the #73 to the finish line effectively for Corvette's first GT2 Le Mans class win.

The lead Audi and Peugeot pack were never far apart. It appeared that while the Audi R18 couldn't run as far as the Peugeot on a tank of fuel, its tyres could last 4 stints, while the 908's could only last 3, a direct result of the low-drag design. All 4 cars were leapfrogging each other pitstop after pitstop. Calculations for the pitstop cycles indicated the advantage to Peugeot car #7, but this was negated when Alexander Wurz collided with the barriers at Indianapolis, dropping the #7 back 3 laps. After a close battle in the last few hours of the race, the fate of the race came down to the final pit stops. Andre Lotterer in the #2 R18 had a large enough lead that he was able to pit without losing track position to the Peugeots. The Audi had a 40 second lead after a pit stop, but started to develop problems with the fuel tank. The full 65-liter capacity could not be used. Audi was forced to make another pit stop and decided to change tyres, while Peugeot brought Simon Pagenaud's #9 car in for just fuel in order to close the gap to the remaining R18. The Audi stop was longer but Lotterer's Audi nevertheless left the pit lane just seconds ahead of the Pagenaud's Peugeot. On fresh tyres, Lotterer was able to pull away gradually and crossed the finish line just 13.854 seconds ahead of Pagenaud. The final lap was the first full race speed final lap (as opposed to the traditional staged photo-finish) since that of the 1969 race, due the small gap between the two lead cars, and the race was the 4th closest in the history of the Le Mans 24 Hours. The traditional waving of the flags by the track marshals on the final lap was also altered due to the pace of the final laps, so the ceremony was not seen until the slow-down lap.

The victory was Audi's tenth at the race, second in total wins behind Porsche's sixteen and ahead of Ferrari's nine. After the race, Tréluyer said that "[i]t's absolutely fantastic to win like this [...] You need good opponents to have a great victory. With Peugeot, we had rivals who were really strong." Bourdais, who drove the second place car, said that "[w]e were beaten by a competitor stronger than us [...] Audi has developed a highly reliable and fast car. We chose to work on reliability. The objective is met, but we missed by 13 seconds at the finish."

Race result
Class winners are marked in bold. Cars failing to complete 70% of winner's distance (249 laps) are marked as Not Classified (NC).