Volvo P1800

The Volvo P1800 is a classic sports car from Volvo. The project was started in 1957 because Volvo wanted a sports car, despite the fact that their previous attempt, the P1900 had been a disaster, with only 68 cars sold. The man behind the project was an engineering consultant to Volvo, Helmer Petterson, who in the 1940s was responsible for the Volvo PV 444. The design work was done by Helmer's son Pelle Petterson, who worked at Pietro Frua at that time. The Italian Carrozzeria Pietro Frua design firm (then a recently acquired subsidiary of Ghia) built the first three prototypes, designated: P958-X1, P958-X2 and P958-X3.

In December 1957 Helmer Petterson drove X1, (the first hand-built P1800 prototype) to Osnabruck, West Germany, headquarters of Karmann. Petterson hoped that Karmann would able to take on the tooling and building of the P1800. Karmann's engineers had already been preparing working drawings from the wooden styling buck at Frua. Petterson and Volvo chief engineer Thor Berthelius met there, tested the car and discussed the construction with Karmann. They were ready to build it and this meant that the first cars could hit the market as early as December 1958. But in February, Karmann's most important customer, Volkswagen VAG, forbade Karmann to take on the job. They were afraid that the P1800 would compete with the sales of their own cars, and threatened to cancel all their contracts with Karmann if they took on the coachbuilding of this car. This setback almost caused the project to be abandoned.

Other German firms NSU, Drautz and Hanomag were contacted but none of them was selected because Volvo did not believe these firms met their manufacturing quality control standards.

It began to appear that Volvo might never produce the P1800. This motivated Petterson to obtain financial backing from two financial firms with the intention of buying the components directly from Volvo, and marketing the car himself. At this point Volvo had made no mention of the P1800 and the factory would not comment. Then a press release surfaced with a photo of the car, putting Volvo in a position where they had to acknowledge the car's existence. These events influenced the company to renew its efforts, and it turned to Jensen Motors whose production lines were under capacity, and they agreed to a contract of 10,000 cars. The Scottish body plant of manufacturer Pressed Steel was in turn contracted by Jensen to create the unibody shell, which then shipped via rail to be assembled at Jensen. In September 1960, the first production P1800 (for the 1961 model year) left Jensen for an eager public.

The engine provided was the B18 with dual SU carburettors, producing 100 hp (75 kW). This variant (named B18B) had a different camshaft from, and higher compression than, the slightly less powerful twin-carb B18D used in the contemporary Amazon 122S. The 'new' B18 was actually developed from the pre-existing B36 V8 engine employed in Volvo trucks at the time. This cut production costs, as well as furnishing the P1800 with a strong engine boasting five main crank bearings. The B18 was matched with the new and more robust M40 gearbox through 1963. From 1963 to 1972 the M41 gearbox with electrically actuated overdrive was a popular option. Two overdrive types where used, the D-Type through 1969, and the J-type through 1973. The J-type had a slightly shorter ratio of 0.797:1 as opposed to 0.756:1 for the D-type. The addition of this overdrive gave the 1800 series a defacto fifth gear, allowing it greater fuel efficiency and decreased drivetrain wear. Cars sold without overdrive had a numerically lower geared differential, which had the interesting effect of giving them a somewhat higher top speed (just under 120mph) than the more popular overdrive models. This was because the non-overdrive cars could reach the engine's redline in top gear, while the overdrive-equipped cars could not, giving the latter a top speed of roughly 110mph.

As time progressed, Jensen had problems with quality control, so the contract was ended early at 6,000 cars. In 1963 production was moved to Gothenburg and was succeeded by the designation 1800S (to indicate Swedish built) and the engine was improved with an additional 8 hp (6 kW). In 1966 the engine was updated to 115 hp (86 kW). In 1969 the B18 engine was replaced with the 2-liter B20B variant of the B20 giving 118bhp (89 kW), though it kept the designation 1800S. For 1970 numerous changes came with the fuel-injected 1800E, which had the B20E engine with Bosch D-Jetronic fuel injection and a revised camshaft and produced 130bhp from its 2-litres without sacrificing fuel economy.Top speed was around 190 km/h (just under 120mph) and acceleration from 0-100km was 9.5 seconds.

In 1972 came the last model, the 1800ES, a hatchback or station wagon version with an all-glass tailgate; the engine was downgraded to 125bhp (92 kW) by reducing the compression ratio with a thicker head gasket (engine variant B20F); although maximum power was slightly down the engine was less "peaky" and the real-world performance was actually improved. For the last model year, 1973, only the 1800ES was produced. Total production of the 1800 line from 1961 through 1973 was 47,492 units. Production ended on June 27, 1973 although Volvo was in negotiations with Sergio Coggiola concerning a possible P1800ESC.

While Volvo never produced factory convertibles of the 1800, these were produced in the aftermarket. A Long Island, NY (USA) dealer, Volvoville, advertised a convertible version.

The Saint's Volvo 1800
A white Volvo P1800 (with licence plate ST1) driven by Simon Templar, played by Roger Moore, was featured in the TV series The Saint beginning in 1962 and played a prominent role throughout the entire run of the show. There were two exciting new cars introduced at the Paris Auto Show in 1962, and Jaguar was first offered the opportunity to provide a Jaguar E-Type car for the series but declined as they had too much demand already and didn't see the need for additional press (a similar situation arose with Mars Candies' M&Ms and Reese's Pieces in the movie "E.T."). Volvo was then asked for a P1800, and they jumped at the chance leading to a nice increase of sales of the P1800 and the creation of a 1960s' icon. Later, in the 1970s when The Return of the Saint was created, Jaguar made up for their mistake and offered the new Jaguar XJ-S for the series.

One of the Volvo 1800s used in the Saint TV series in 1967 has been faithfully restored and is now owned by Bill Krzastek. It does indeed look like a giant-size Corgi Saint Volvo, and it has appeared in a number of auto shows.

Influence
The all-glass tailgate on the ES-model would prove to be very popular with future Volvo-designers. A similar design was used on the Volvo 480, and on multiple concept cars. The Volvo C30 (based on recent concepts) will also use this design.

Main Competitors

 * Jaguar E-Type
 * Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint
 * Aston Martin DB4
 * BMW E9
 * Chevrolet Corvette
 * Mercedes-Benz SL-Class
 * Peugeot 404 Coupe
 * Porsche 911
 * Saab Sonett

Record-breaking Volvo driver
A 1966 Volvo P1800S owned by Irvin Gordon of East Patchogue, New York, USA has the Guinness world record for highest mileage in the same vehicle he has been driving for more than 40 years. It had covered in excess of 3,572,342 km (2,219,751 miles) by March 2004, and passed the 4,000,000 kilometers(km) (2,485,484 mile) mark in September 2006.

He has driven about 41,000 of those kilometers outside of the U.S., in Canada and Mexico, as well as abroad in Europe. "In Sweden, we drove to Volvo's global headquarters to see where the P1800 was born" Gordon had said.

Four million kilometers, or 2,485,484 miles, is:
 * Almost 100 times around the Earth (via the equator).
 * Nearly five round-trips to the Moon.
 * 1,111 completions of the Tour de France.